Flight Patterns Essay

What is Sherman Alexie’s notion of the reality behind a story as this notion is presented in â€Å"Flight Patterns† I think Sherman ‘s notion of reality is that life is full of contradictions. The society sets up so many rules for people to follow, and people are often judged by their ethnic group, gender, religion†¦etc. Accordingly, they have to behave properly in order to meet the expectations. However, in reality not every person can deal easily with the role he is supposed to be in. For example, William doesn’t want to choose between American and Spokane. He loves them both. In religion, he is a generously religious man. In ethnic, he is a Spokane Indian while having in civic life like most American. In the text, it states that† William wanted all of it .Hunger was his crime.† I think Sherman Alexie points this out to tell us that in reality, a person might feel bemused to make a choice among all he wants. Fikadu faces the difficulties between killing his own people for Selassie and living with his family. William faces the difficulty between jobs and family. They both make up their mind and make the difficult choice despite feeling uncomfortable. The reality is not perfect as we may consider it. People sometimes have to make sacrifices or compromises to accomplish a bigger task. I think William chooses to believe Fekadu’s story because no matter it is true or not, it tells the essence of reality in this society.

Reaction Paper on “Matilda” Essay

â€Å"If you’re not having fun, you’re not learning†, this quote is taken form the movie â€Å"Matilda†. This is very meaningful to me because it is placed in the classroom of Miss Honey and it contradicts the school’s ambience of not being a conducive place (or even a fun place) learn. This of course is reinforced with the meanest principal on Earth, Miss Trunchbull, who is in fact hates children. I do agree with the quote because if you’re not having fun with what you are doing, then it would not be fun and it would not be even meaningful. I also think that having that fun environment will have a positive effect on the learner. The movie has parts that the class really enjoyed. The most thrilling parts for me were: 1) Matilda discovered her power; 2) Matilda was adopted by Miss Honey. I like the first one because I’m always fascinated about supernatural powers and mysticism. My reading preferences are always of a mystical genre, full of witches, spell, and supernatural beings and such. When I was a child, I have a very wide imagination and I will always imagine myself as a warlock casting spells or an extraordinary being that have powers like telekinesis, invisibility, shape shifter and many more. I also like the second one because I believe that every child deserves the best home possible. A child should have a home and a family that will encourage and enhance their mind. The movie, â€Å"Matilda†, is a very good movie about reading and about togetherness in the family. In the movie, reading for me is depicted in two ways. First, reading is a privilege skill that only the sophisticated people can practice fully. This is half true because nowadays the prices of book are too expensive for the poor people or even some of the middle-class people. Even some of the books that are published here in the Philippines are too expensive. But thanks to the very famous Book Sale, we can afford international or even local books that have a very good authority and storyline. The second is reading as a very powerful tool in battling simple to complex situations. There was one video I watched there the librarian said that â€Å"If knowledge is power, then I am in charge of an arsenal.† The books are powerful arsenals; they’re like bullets and our mind (while reading them) is the gun. Matilda is a very wide and complex reader. Wide in a way that she reads books from different genres and different eras. Complex in a way that she reads books that are way passed her capability or understanding as a child. I can really relate to Matilda in a way that I want to read so many books so badly but due to some circumstances I cannot. I can also relate to Matilda’s eagerness in reading. I too am eager in reading, mist especially when I like the book. I always try to read book from different genres and eras, just like Matilda. Reading that widely can enhance your knowledge and other skills like communication and social skills. All in all, â€Å"Matilda† is a very good movie with a lot of lessons like overcoming an obstacle is to face it wholeheartedly and don’t underestimate others. The parents are the ones who will instil the very rewarding skill of reading to their children. And I quote from one Emilie Buchwald, â€Å"Children are made readers on the laps of their parents.† We should all be Matilda, a very wide and complex reader and a very enthusiastic one too. Not being a stereotypical child who just plays outside. Lastly, I quote from one Frederick Douglass, â€Å"Once you learn to read, you will be forever free.†

Trucanini Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Trucanini Art - Essay Example The Trucanini image is one woman who is trying to come to terms with the frequent changes in the world which to her she cannot manage to change them. On the face the woman appears to have given up but the youthful beauty is still evident. The image depicts her as seated looking at the viewer with a traditional shell necklace and on her shoulders is the kangaroo skin. The photographic images were limited in the sense that by the time, the era of photography arrived in Tasmania in 1858 most of the population was dead a reason that explains why it was difficult to retrieve records. To add to this, during the colonial period there were a few artists and therefore the paintings were rare to find since they were not free to settle near the culture of civilized individuals. There were only two portfolios of Tasmian Aborigines that were known to these artists. The water color paintings would indicate women who had their hair shaved and only a circle of hair was left round the head while for the men they were bearded, unshaven hair and had no necklace. Given the poor rate of photography the power of the image of Trucanini was not portrayed well. For instance in the first portfolio, it was an amateur painting and sketch which were photographed in a squalid condition where the Trucanini are depicted as being comfortable with no hesitation. They have resigned to submit to the idea of imprisonment that was presented to them by the European colonies. No effort has been made by the photographers.

APPLIED INTEGRATED BUSINESS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

APPLIED INTEGRATED BUSINESS - Essay Example From the above, various companies use various methods to ensure their success through both employee and customer satisfaction. This is because employee and customer satisfaction are the keys to business success. The video shows a manager who does not put customer needs at the core. The lady at the reception informs him of the dissatisfied customer but he reluctantly comes without the feel of urgency required. When dealing with customers, their needs should be given priority for them to have a sense of importance (Roche & Self 2012, p. 67). Moreover, the manager should ensure customer needs are met at all costs. The customer at the reception is urgently in need of a room but the manager downplays this urgency and seems to be interested in having an affair with her. Managers should draw boundaries between their social and professional lives. More so, the managers should not involve their customers in their social life at all costs (Roche & Self 2012, p. 141). The welfare and the needs of all categories of customers should be catered for, and in the event that a mishap occurs, remedy measures should be taken within the shortest time possible. This does not seem to be the case with the manager who fails to courteously assist the person on the wheelchair who is locked out of a reception due to inaccessibility of the venue. Furthermore, managers should use polite language whenever dealing with their clients as well as their employees (Roche & Self 2012, p. 101). This is paramount in ensuring good customer relations and the employees transfer it to the customers. The manager fails to courteously address the receptionist upon being told of the customer who wants to speak to him. Though he says he is busy, he clearly is not as he is taking coffee while checking the local daily. Good customer and employee etiquette requires the manager to listen carefully to

Usability Tests and Heuristic Evaluations in Assessing Prototypes of Essay

Usability Tests and Heuristic Evaluations in Assessing Prototypes of Interface Designs - Essay Example Effectiveness is described as the degree of consistency that a product will behave as expected. It is also the measure the degree of ease users experience in using the product. Learnability refers to the ability of the user to operate the system with a definite degree of competence after a certain amount of training. It also refers to likelihood that users who have not used the system for a period of time will be able to relearn how to operate it. Satisfaction includes a user’s feelings, perceptions, and opinion about the system. Information is usually collected through written and oral means (Rubin & Chisnell 2008). Finally, accessibility involves the capability of the system to allow persons with disabilities to perceive, understand, navigate, and interact with it. In performing usability tests, two basic principles should always be remembered: (1) a designer’s perception on the system design is different from the target audience; and (2) it is better to conduct multi ple tests with a few users rather than running a single test with a large number of users. Usability tests usually involve either getting an audience evaluation of the system or having a usability design expert perform a heuristic evaluation of the program. One drawback of heuristic evaluation is that the expert reviewer may not share the same perception as the target users or may identify errors that target users do not consider as problems. In contrast, an audience evaluation of the system is a credible representation of a real-world user’s needs and perceptions of the system... of determining the ideal number of users to comprise a usability test group, the following guidelines are recommended: (1) too few users yield inferior results since the users may not be able to identify most of the problems; and (2) too many users would increase the chance that most users would identify the same problem and reduces the chances that the users will be able to identify less obvious errors (Silver 2005). There are four types of usability tests which a developer may choose from depending on the situation: (1) exploratory; (2) assessment; (3) evaluation; and (4) comparison. Exploratory testing is usually performed in the early part of the design stage. It has to primary objectives. First, to verify of the functions selected to be used in the system are useful and appropriate for the user. Second, to determine the degree as to which the system design matches the user’s mental model of the system. A mental model is described as a user’s assumptions and expecta tions regarding how certain tasks are accomplished (Silver, 2005). One important feature of an exploratory test is the high degree of freedom a developer can attain in developing early designs of the system. By using tools such as paper screens and system prototypes with limited functionalities, the developer can collect important information and feedback from the users. This allows the developer to determine if the initial design matches user perception of the system. In addition, exploratory tests enable developers to detect serious flaws in the design before a mode concrete plan of the system is created (Rubin & Chisnell, 2008). In an exploratory test, a moderator may provide the user with screenshots of the system and ask if all the types of information or functions that the user expected to be

Hairstyles of the Damned Discussion 2 Assignment

Hairstyles of the Damned Discussion 2 - Assignment Example But for what it’s worth, it is noble because Brian really put effort in choosing songs that he thinks Gretchen would like. It speaks about how he really wants to impress her and make her feel that his feelings are true. If Brian was able to make the perfect mixed tape, I think that Gretchen will still not fall for him because Gretchen just does not see Brian as a lover. Gretchen’s type in the book is Tony Degan, and though he’s a jerk and it was not fair of her to put Brian in the â€Å"friendzone†, sometimes, even in life, that’s just how it is. Brian just needs to be content in being her friend because that’s all that she can be for him. The beer scene with Brian and Gretchen’s father is one of the best scenes for me. It’s really emotional and there are a lot of youths today that can relate to what had happened. I think, that moment meant a lot to Brian. He shared a close bond with his father but when his parents divorced, it’s like he was alone and the deep connection he had with his dad all but vanished. Gretchen’s dad made him realize that he is a good person – someone who’s worth something, not just a failure, or a punk kid, or a delinquent, or a nobody. In school and in his home, he was looking for somewhere that he can be accepted and a place here he can fit in. No one had vocally appreciated him and I think that is one of the reasons why his life as so messed-up. If adults were more vocal in what they like about us young people, I think more of us will be able to turn our lives around and become good. Teens as well as anyone crave love, and appreciation – being told that you are good is a nice way to build one’s belief in one’s self and eventually direct the youth to a better

Introduction to Economic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Introduction to Economic - Essay Example All economies in the real world depend on a mixture of both governments and markets to allocation resources efficiently. According to markets, resources are allocated through voluntary choices that are made by all participants in the economy and individuals. On the other hand, governments allocate resources involuntarily and enforce laws, taxation systems, regulations, and restrictions to participants. Question 1 Market and Government Economies Countries may have preferences between the using of governments or markets in allocating resources within their economies; however, it is evident that both markets and governments play an important role in mixed economies. Markets generally involve exchange of goods and services in a manner that is voluntary, since no force used to compel any economic participant in buying or selling items of economic value. A market basically thrives on participants’ willingness and desire to exchange. Pure market economies exclusively use markets to a llocate and distribute resources throughout the economy. Government economies rely on involuntary enforcement to allocate resources through setting of rules and laws to govern a resource allocation system. The rules and laws are mandatory for participants in the economy, and the government has the right to enforce the laws and punish participants who fail to agree with the generally accepted rules and regulations. Participants in the economy follow resource allocation rules and regulations because the government and relevant authorities enforce them. Pure command economies use governments exclusively to allocate resources in their economies. However, such kind of economies precludes theoretical extremes, since they do not actually exist and are not realistic with regards to the real world situation. Both pure market and pure command economies provide a benchmark to facilitate real world economic aspects comparison. Mixed economies are therefore evident in the real world, since both pure market and pure command economies preclude non-existent theoretical ideals, leaving the real world economies somewhere in between the two theoretical ideals. Although the theoretical ideals are non-existent in the real world, their collective contributions are evident in mixed kind of economies. It is important to note that, although mixed economies use both markets and governments to allocate resources, real world mixed economies use more of governments or markets, in accordance to the systems they use. This alludes to economies such as capitalism, which is an economic system that is market oriented, as it uses more of market than government in allocating resources. Similarly, communism and socialism are mixed economies that use more of governments than markets to allocate resources (Greene, 2007, p.46). Mixed economies use government policies, rules, and regulations as an inherent dimension used to pursue economic goals in allocation of resources. Economic goals pursued encom pass societal desires such as the need to achieve full employment, equity, stability of the economy, economic efficiency, and sustainable growth. Through economic policies, governments assume the primary responsibility of pursuing economic goals desired by the economy through assisting, controlling, guiding, and regulating the voluntary market. Government policies are undertaken in form of

The application essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The application - Essay Example Information flow and its transmission from one station to the other and also the channels of communication were essential to our success. Mistakes that used to occur due to poor communication skills were usually detrimental to the survival of the force. I aspire to become a senior officer in the communication department of the military, where I will be presented with the opportunity to streamline the communication processes as well as upgrade the channels and techniques of communication in order to build a strong force. I will also have an opportunity to serve as a mentor to the upcoming military trainees in regard to communication in order to help them in building a career in the field. While studying in your institution, I will exercise my ability to participate in class work, an aspect of learning that I acquired since my secondary school days. I am used to organizing group work and discussions, which have always enabled me to be a leader in school as well as my days in the military. I have always been chosen to head discussion groups due to my organization skills coupled with conflict resolution skills, and I hope I will be able to utilize them in your institution. To supplement my leadership skills, I have experience in the field of communication, having worked in the Korean army broadcasting station when I served in the military. This was a great exposure in the field of communication. Understanding class work will be easy for me as I already have basic knowledge in communication. More over, I was able to use modern communication equipment and therefore I can be of much assistance to my colleagues in class, especially those who are joining this field for the first time. Apart from personal growth and career development, I understand that communication studies are important in social interactions. It helps in establishing relationships with groups of people in the society, while treating each group depending on its uniqueness. In

Basic Wound Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Basic Wound Care - Essay Example It results when additional pressure interrupts blood flow through the skin. This results in oxygen and nutrient deficiency in the affected skin, which makes it break leading to the formation of the ulcer. Pressure from a hard surface, for instance, wheelchair and bed can cause an ulcer (Dziedzic, 2013). Involuntary muscle movements is another cause besides moisture, which can break down the epidermis. We will focus on old age and terminal disease as some of the risk factors. Individuals, who are old have their skin aging out, which results in loss of elasticity. There is a decline in the blood flow through the skin, which is due to aging effects. Additionally, the amount of fat under the skin decreases as one gets older. All these put together makes the skin vulnerable to damage; hence, an ulcer formation. We will now look at some terminal diseases in patients that can put them at increased risk of pressure ulcers (Qaseem, Humphrey, Forciea, Starkey, & Denberg, 2015). Type one and two diabetes results in increased blood sugar levels, which disrupts the normal flow of blood. In peripheral arterial disease, build-up of fatty substance in arteries hampers blood supply to legs. Heart failure results in reduced blood supply to other parts of the body. Kidney failure results in build-up of harmful toxins, which can cause damage to tissues. Reducing the risk of infection demands regular hand washing, debridement and wound cleansing. Protect the wound from exogenous sources of contamination such as feces (Kifer, 2012). When dressing the wound, clean it using sterile water, topical antiseptic or saline, which reduces the bacterial growth and risk of infection. In cases of foul odor, debridement, and frequent cleansing is necessary. Measurement monitors progress made in the healing process through changes in width, length, volume and area of the wound. Simple measurement technique involves measuring the

Compare and contrast of the three women Essay Example for Free

Compare and contrast of the three women Essay Virgin Mary Mary is an important figure in catholic faith, Mother of Jesus Christ in physical body, she is also the spiritual Mother of the Church, the Bishops of the Second Vatican Council gave this title to her. We know little biographical information about Mary, our greatest source would be the books of Matthew, Mark, John and Luke. From these spiritual accounts and knowledge of the everyday circumstances she would have faced comes a picture of the Mary the shepherds would have found in Bethlehem: a woman who was young, devout, offended by injustice, devoted to her child, and, many believe, sorrowful in the knowledge of what his fate would be. Mary was bethroed to Joseph when the angel Gabriel appears to her and says she is to bear the son of God, she asks, How can this be, since I am a virgin? She is told that nothing is impossible with God. Marys consent and willingness to endure social injustice for God is an holy act in itself, as women suspected of adultery were often stoned to death. Throughout her life she seen as very holy and is believed to be the Immaculate Conception i.e. born without any sin. Although Mary herself is holy as well as all her acts, the most courageous act she did was watching her son die on the cross. Mary endured the pain because she was a good piteous woman devoted to God, she knew Jesus death was inevitable. Florence Nightingale Florence Nightingale was born in May 12th 1820. She was an aristocrat born to wealthy British parents. At 16 Florence thought she heard the voice of God telling her that she had a special mission in life. Florence suspected it had something to do with nursing because as a young child she had always enjoyed caring for the sick. Traditionally she was meant to behave like a upper class lady, but Florence was reculant to do so, having found her passions elsewhere. She turned down suitors and social parties to instead take up studying health and medicine. As she was a woman of the upper class, this behaviour was not expected. A cultured lady of that day did not enter in hospital work and her familys opposition finally prevented her from  working in a hospital. She overcame this obstacle by studying at a protestant school for nursing. Later she became the superintendent of a hospital in London. At the Crimean War, Florence was asked to take charge of nursing. There she revolutionized hospital care. She cleaned up the hospital, set schedules, ordered supplies, and once the hospital was running smoothly- taught the soldiers how to read and write. When she returned to England she fell sick from Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Ministers, heads of government, authors, politicians and reformers came to her for her advice. She received many public honors and was the first woman to be awarded the British Order of Merit. Florence almost single-handedly invented modern nursing, as we know it today, and created a new image of female nurses as a professional class. Irena Sendler Irena Sendler was born in 1910 in Otwock, a town some 15 miles southeast of Warsaw. She was greatly influenced by her father who was one of the first Polish Socialists. During WW11 Irene defied the Nazis and in a show of remarkable bravery, rescued 2,500 Jewish children by smuggling them out of the Warsaw Ghetto. She was rescuing these children from most certain death, as very few came out of the Warsaw Ghetto alive. Irene worked in the Warsaw Social Welfare Department and as a result was able to go about freely without suspicion. When Irene saw the prejudice and terrible conditions that were being forced upon the Jews she was appalled and decided to join the Polish underground resistance movement Aid to the Jews. Irena Sendler accomplished her incredible deeds with the active assistance of the church. I sent most of the children to religious establishments, she recalled. I knew I could count on the Sisters. The children were given false identities and placed in homes, orphanages and convents. Irena Sendler carefully noted, in coded form, the childrens original names and their new identities. But the Nazis became aware of Irenas activities, and on October 20, 1943 she was arrested, imprisoned and tortured by the Gestapo, who broke her feet and legs. Though she was the only one who knew the names and addresses of the families sheltering the  Jewish children, she withstood the torture, refusing to betray either her associates or any of the Jewish children in hiding. She escaped from prison but for the rest of the war the Gestapo pursued her. After the war she dug up the jars and used the notes to track down the 2,500 children she placed with adoptive families and to reunite them with relatives scattered across Europe. This lovely, courageous woman was one of the most dedicated and active workers in aiding Jews during the Nazi occupation of Poland. Her courage enabled not only the survival of 2,500 Jewish children but also of the generations of their descendants. Her courage, strength and the goodness of her spirit is honored forever by those lives she saved. Compare and Contrast Mary, Irena Sendler, and Florence Nightingale all have something in common. Each and every one overcame social injustice, discrimination and prejudice in the name of all things good. Virgin Mary knew she would be shunned, as her baby was conceived before marriage, back then adultery was punishable by stoning to death, yet she agreed to do gods work out of love for the Lord. Irena Sendler risked her life for the 2,500 children she saved, her deeds could have gotten her killed yet her faith and morality was more important to her, and Florence Nightingale overcame the social ethics and restrictions of her time to do what she believed to be Gods work. Another similarity is the fact that all three women saved lives in their own respective way. Unlike Florence and Irena, Mary did her deeds indirectly and in a more spiritual sense, she gave birth to Jesus who is spiritually viewed as the savior of mankind, he gave people salvation, faith and hope. Also, today many people see Mary as a role model and through her seek inspiration that leads many people to give up sin and live a good and holy life. This contrasts to the work of Florence Nightingale and Irena Sendler, these two woman saved people in the physical sense, through knowledge, nursing, and trying to prevent genocide. These woman strike inspiration and strength in all that read their story. Though they come from different eras and have different life stories to tell, all three are fine examples of the strength, faith and capabilities of a woman. Bibliography Internet http://net2.netacc.net/~mafg/mary03.htm http://www.auschwitz.dk/Sendler.htm http://www.catholic.org/saints/saints/lucy.html http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/stl01001.htm http://www.dnai.com/~borneo/nightingale/tl1.htm http://www.geocities.com/squillin_us/Mother%20Mary.htm http://www.holocaustforgotten.com/sendler.htm Books Book of Saints Mark Straton 1991 J.M Dent Pty. Dictionary of World Biography. Barry Jones 1998 The Age Encyclopedia of World Biography McGraw Hill 1973 McGraw Hill Inc. Florence Nightingale John Drasedon 1988 Wiley and Sons LTD Virgin Mary Linda McWell 1963 Curtin Pty.

Organizational Structure And Function Of Johnson Johnson Commerce Essay

Organizational Structure And Function Of Johnson Johnson Commerce Essay Like other multinational companies, Johnson Johnson had form functional type of structure during its first operation. As the company went into globally and involved in complex products operation, Johnson Johnson formed a divisional organization structure for better control and coordination. The structure at Johnson Johnson consists of 180 separate operating units, including McNeil Consumer Products, makers of Tylenol; Ortho Pharmaceuticals, which makes Retin-A and birth control pills; and J J Consumer Product, the company that brings us Johnsons Baby Shampoo and Band Aids, each  division  is a separately chartered and Johnson Johnson Family Headquarters will oversees all the operations. This decentralized structure of organization allows the employees to develop themselve in the company. It is also helps in innovation which allows the employees use their skills and knowledge effectively to bring together different products and technologies to meet with the customer demands. A good strategy also will be constructed as a feedback to customer and market issues arose in each division. Usually, Johnson Johnson companies around the world are coordinated by local people in particular country because they can understand the needs in those market and utilize themselves in those market. 3.2 Marketing in Johnson Johnson Marketing department in Johnson Johnson plays a crucial role in not only promoting its products but also in maintaining its brand name. Johnson Johnson has emphazised four marketing mix as the following: Product Basically, Johnson Johnson has three main products categories including Pharmaticeutical, Medical Device Diagnostic, and Consumer Healthcare. Some of the products are Feminine hygiene, Denture care, First aid, Family planning, Nutritionals, Diabetes care, Allergy cold and flu treatment, and Womens Health. Price Johnson Johson attempt to keep their net price increases for healthcare products within the consumer price index in United Stated. Consequently, the company has cooperated with the goverment to develop differential pricing approach so that people are helped to access their medical products. Place Johnson Johnson product can be found in wholesale companies like Over the Counter Wholesale.com, WUZ Group, and ShopatHome.com. Its products can also be bought in retail outlet. Promotion Johnson Johnson has engaged in advertising campaigns which encourage healthy lifestyles. For example: The Campaign for Nursings Future, Having a Baby Changes Things, and Because We Care We Act (China). Marketing Process Johnson and Johnson seek in approaching new products innovation and sometimes whole new businesses. Their goal is to capitalize on scientific invention, marketing insight and manufacturing expertise easily across the full range their businesses. 3.3 Management and Human Resource policies and approaches in Johnson Johnson Human Resource Management plays a unique role in attracting workers and maintaining the employees in a well-manner in the company. Johnson Johnson has approximately 115 000 employees around the world. Healthy and mental well being employees have become its policies in the company. Johnson Johnson has offered flexible work arrangements over the years. Johnson Johnson believes that flexibility is important to attract many talented employees to work and being loyal with the company, so that it will benefited the company as well as the worker could balance their work and life. Flexible arrangements include flextime hours, telecommuting, remote work, occasional flexibility, a compressed work week, summer hours, and part-time work or job sharing. Johnson Johnson also believes that it is important for the company to be succeeded by attracting, developing, and retaining a base of employees that reflects the diversity of its customers. Furthermore, Johnson Johnson has implement its philosophy which is known as Credo as a guidance in its business. A Credo (appendix 2) is a set of values that have provided a strategic and moral scope for Johnson Johnson generation of leaders and employees. Johnson Johnson has also providing variety of programs for its employees such as Employee Assistant Program which designed to give employees access counseling, assessment, intervention and training. 3.4 IT and Information System in Johnson Johnson IT and information system helps in facilitating the operation of Johnson Johnson. The development of IT has brought the organization to operate more efficient and effective. Johnson Johnson was known for having registered many high profiles domain. Johnson Johnson has established Corporate Office of Science and Technology (COSAT) which enable people or innovators to share their ideas with the company, seeks out scientific breakthroughs and explore the technologies. The ideas then will be identified and the incorporation of those technologies will be facilitated into Johnson Johnson Family of Companies. 4. Conclusion After through the facts in this report, it can be seen that a good structure in organization is the fundamental to the well-operates of Johnson Johnson. The human resource management and marketing department also contribute to the success of the organization. It is look into how these departments manage their resources and their approaches to attain the organizational goals and objectives. Besides that, the utilization on the recent technology by the organization is the added value to enhance the operation and put the organization in the competitive position.

The Adults Are Always Right? :: essays research papers

The Adults Are Always Right? "Clean your room! Don't do that! Stop watching that stupid television, don't you have a book to read? Didn't I tell you to clean your room, do you want to be a slob when you grow up? Go to school, don't you have school today? When I was a kid . . ." Welcome to the lives of almost every teenager in North America. To most parents, when the above words are spoken, they expect to see their teen rush at the opportunity to serve them. The above words mean something to them and they think it means something to us teens. They don't understand that the words go in through one ear and out through the other. Does a German understand the words of an Italian? No! Does a Chinese man understand the words of a Greek man? No! The reason, they are two completely different languages. Now although parents and their kids speak the same language, parents don't understand that we tune out of English when we want. If we know something is going to be asked of us and we don't want to do it, we turn our brains into "Nag Mode." To define Nag Mode, is simple. Every syllable that comes out of the mouth of an adult is heard as ‘ nag.' For example: Adults say: "clean your room! ." Kids hear: "nag nag nag!" Adults say: "Stop watching television." Kids hear: "nag nag nag nag nag nag nag." They think of us as being lazy, and irresponsible, selfish and useless. Some adults quiver when they hear how we will one day run this world. What makes us lazy, the fact that we watch an hour of television after a hard day at school, before eating dinner and doing our homework? Why are we irresponsible, because we don't have time to walk the dog due to us studying for our upcoming exam? We're selfish because we want peace and quite for when we study? And useless because we can't run any errands for them when we're taking that one hour out of our day to relax. They do, do a lot and I respect them and all, but give us some credit for a change. Is it our fault that almost every house has at least one television bigger than 22" and that basic cable comes with at least thirty channels? They keep telling us their stories about when they were kids, and it always has to do with something we can't help. "When I was a kid we had a 13" black and white television,

We Must Prevent Obesity in Children :: Childhood Obesity

Americans are the fattest people on the planet and continue to expand. According to a survey of adult men and women in the United States during 1999-2000, published in JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 30.5% of Americans are obese, up from 22.9% ten years earlier, and nearly two-thirds (64.5%) are overweight (Flegal et al.). Excess weight isn’t just a matter of looks. Obesity magnifies the risk of heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, and other ailments–already overtaking tobacco as the leading cause of chronic illness (Brownell and Horgen 4). An especially disturbing aspect of this trend is that children are increasingly obese. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention reports that the percentage of obese children aged 6 to 11 almost quadrupled from 4% in 1974 to 15% in 2000, and the percentage of obese children aged 12 to 19 increased from 6% in 1974 to 15% in 2000 (United States). Obese children have a 70% chance of becoming obese adu lts with a much higher risk of serious illness than those of normal weight (Brownell and Horgen 46). Furthermore, obese children suffer many serious health problems today. Pediatricians now routinely treat atherosclerosis and type II diabetes, diseases that used to be frequent only among older people (Tyre 38). Today’s children are among the first generation in American history who may die at earlier ages than their parents. For most people in the United States, obesity is a matter of individual choice and old-fashioned will power (Lee and Oliver). The usual advice for overweight people is to eat less and exercise more, but how applicable is this advice for children unless they have strong guidance from adults? How can children make intelligent choices about eating in an environment where overeating is normal and where few adults know what’s in the food they eat? The United States has been successful in addressing teenage health problems: drug use has dropped, teenage pregnancy has been reduced, and teen smoking has declined. We need to take a similar proactive response by taking concrete steps to reverse the trend toward more obese children. Many have blamed the rise in obesity on a more sedentary life style, including the move to the suburbs, where people drive instead of walk, and increased viewing of television. One study of children watching television found a significant drop in the average metabolic rate during viewing (Klesges, Shelton, and Klesges).

James M. Cains Novel Mildred Pierce: Comparing the Book and Movie Ver

James M. Cain's Novel Mildred Pierce: Comparing the Book and Movie Version Mildred Pierce is one of the greatest novels written by James M. Cain. After the success of the novel, the Hollywood film came out, produced by Jerry Wald. The novel and the movie are very different from each other. â€Å"James M. Cain sent several letters of complaint to producer Jerry Wald, objecting to the changes Wald wanted to make, especially the dramatic idea of making Veda a washout musically and putting her in a tawdry nightclub† (Bennett Notes). The three main differences in the film were, the murder of Monte, Veda not having a successful career, and the time period only covering 1941 to 1945. The main difference between the film and the novel was the murder that Hollywood added. Right when the film begins, it starts making the viewer think about who the killer is already. The novel doesn’t make the reader guess in any aspect. Jerry Wald makes the viewer think that Mildred is the killer at first, especially because she tries to commit suicide in the beginning of the film. Then it makes the viewer think that Bert is the killer for a while. Finally, the real killer is revealed at the end of the movie, which turns out to be Veda. The best thing about the movie was that it kept you guessing until the end. â€Å"Throughout the film we are never certain that Mildred is not Monte’s murderer. Even when she is cleared, she is not exculpated† (LaValley 12). Mildred tries to cover up for Veda again, by telling the cops that she killed Monte. The cops tell her that she can’t get her daughter off the hook this time. Finally, Veda ends up paying th e consenquences for her action and goes to jail. Another big difference between the novel and ... ...vel was how the characters would survive the Depression, and how they would make money. â€Å"As the Depression deepened in 1932, jobs were few and far between. More than 10 million Americans were out of work† (Strock 12). The film’s plot was totally different, which mainly focused on who killed Monte. Works Cited Bennett, Bsabas A. Joan Crawford Online-Films:Mildred Pierce. 26 May. 2002. 30 May.2002 http://www.joancrawfordonline.com/films/m/mildred/mildredpierce.html. Joan Crawford Filmography. October, 2001. May 25, 2002. http://www.lynnpdesign.com/classicmovies/crawford/mildred.html. LaValley, Albert. Mildred Pierce. Madison, Wisconson: The University of Wisconson Press, 1980. Skenazy, Paul. James M. Cain. New York, NY: The Continuum Publishing Company, 1989. Strock, Clancy. ‘We Had Everything But Money’. Greendale, WI: Roy Reiman

Public Opinion of Police by Different Ethnic Groups Essay

Cooperation from members of the public is important in order for police officers to effectively fight crime within the community. In order to obtain cooperation from members of the public, police officers must gain their trust and confidence. It has been known that African Americans and Hispanics have lower levels of trust and confidence in police because of racial disparities and racial profiling. This paper will discuss the public opinion of police by different ethnic groups and how racial minorities hold lower levels of trust and confidence in police. The paper will further discuss the November 5, 1992 Detroit Police beating of Malice Green and how members of the community perceived police response after the beating. Express your opinion on the topic African Americans and Hispanics have lower levels of trust and confidence in police because of racial disparities and racial profiling. Research has also shown that lower-income African Americans hold negative views of police in general. Cooperation from individuals within the community comes from gaining trust and confidence within the police (Tyler, 2005). The public is more willing to cooperate with police when trust and confidence is at a higher rate (Tyler, 2005). If members of the community do not trust the police system, then they will not use it (Tyler, 2005). Research has shown that Whites and minorities help police in three different ways. The first is by reporting crimes and criminals (Tyler, 2005). The second is by working within their neighborhood to fight crime (Tyler, 2005). And the third is by supporting the disbursement of public resources to the police (Tyler, 2005). In 2002, 1,653 New Yorkers were surveyed in regards to the NYPD and policing activities in their nei ghborhood. Survey questions included: 1.) â€Å"How likely would you be to call the police to report a crime that was occurring in your neighborhood?† 2.) â€Å"How likely would you be to help the police to find someone suspected of committing a crime by providing them with information?† and 3.) â€Å"How likely would you be to report dangerous or suspicious activities in your neighborhood to the police?† (Tyler, 2005) The survey also asked how often the police â€Å"use ethnic slurs against people in your neighborhood,† â€Å"treat people disrespectfully because of their race,† â€Å"abuse people physically because of their race,† and â€Å"bully or intimidate people because of their race?† (Tyler, 2005) Results from the study indicated that respondents who were White had higher levels of trust and confidence in police than minorities (Tyler, 2005). Hispanics confidence in police was intermediate of Whites and Blacks (Tyler, 2005). Racial profiling has been a hot topic recently and has influenced citizen’s perceptions of police. Minorities that been stopped due to racial profiling are more willing to voice their dissatisfaction with the police. Minorities who have not been racially profiled but hear stories about racial profiling ma y be more skeptical of future experiences with police. Research has found that minorities tend to rate officer legitimacy in a more objective manor when stopped by a minority officer (Tyler, 2005). Minorities that are stopped by White officers tend to be more skeptical of the officer behavior (Tyler, 2005). African Americans are the most skeptical of police behavior and especially believe they are treated unfairly when a White officer stops them (Tyler, 2005). Police officers race could be an important factor in improving citizen and officer relations. Having a diverse law enforcement agency can help better develop relationships within the community as well as build trust and confidence, and assist in effective policing by encouraging support and cooperation from citizens of the community. Understanding how officer race can influence the perceptions of police by minorities is very important in today’s society because police organizations have increasingly received complaints for targeting minority drivers during traffic stops (Cochran, Warren, 2012). It has been known that racial profiling is mostly associated with White officers. Data taken from the 2005 Police Public Contact Survey indicated that Black males and females negatively evaluated police behavior when stopped by a White officer, even if the officer provided a good reason to stop them (Cochran, Warren, 2012). If the officer  is a minority, the response received was completely opposite (Cochran, Warren, 2012). With that being said, minority citizens who are stopp ed by a minority officer rate officer legitimately more objectively than if stopped by a White officer (Cochran, Warren, 2012). Research also showed that African Americans have a higher propensity for viewing police behavior as well as the justice systems illegitimate (Cochran, Warren, 2012). Findings in regards to skepticism of police by Hispanic males and females came up invalid. Therefore suggesting that the rift between police and citizens is focused within African American communities (Cochran, Warren, 2012). Include at least one contemporary event as an example to illustrate the main points On November 5, 1992, six white officers and one black supervising officer of the Detroit Police Department had repeatedly punched, kicked, and bludgeoned Malice Green, a Detroit African American resident, who later died because of the injuries (Sigleman, Welch, Bledsoe, & Combs, 1997). Mr. Green’s death was ruled as a homicide by â€Å"blunt force trauma to the head.† All seven of the officers were suspended. The media coverage was so intense and focused, therefore fostering an image of police as antagonistic or unresponsive to African Americans (Sigleman, Welch, Bledsoe, & Combs, 1997). In July 1992 and November 1992, the Wayne State University Center for Urban Studies completed an in-home interview with 1,124 residents in the Detroit area. The survey-contained questions pertaining to the perceptions of how Blacks were treated by police and how quickly did they respond to your calls for help. Results showed that Blacks were more skeptical than whites were on police response to calls for help (Sigleman, Welch, Bledsoe, & Combs, 1997). Blacks were also more suspicious that police would abuse powers during traffic stops (Sigleman, Welch, Bledsoe, & Combs, 1997). Conclusion Research has shown African Americans express the lowest levels of trust within police whereas Whites express the highest level of trust within police and Hispanics are in the middle (Tyler, 2005). Research has also shown that the public is more willing to cooperate with police when trust and confidence is at a higher rate (Tyler, 2005). If members of the community do not trust the police system, then they will not use it (Tyler, 2005). Research has further shown that minority citizens who are stopped by  a minority officers rate officer legitimately more objectively than if stopped by a White officer (Tyler, 2005). References Cochran, J. C., & Warren, P. Y. (2012, May). Racial, Ethnic, and Gender Differences in Perceptions of the Police. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 28(2), 206-227. Sigelman, L., Welch, S., Bledsoe, T., & Combs, M., (1997, December). Police Brutality and Public Perceptions of Racial Discrimination: A Tale of Two Beatings. Political Research Quarterly, 50(4), 777-791. Tyler, T. R. (2005, September). Policing in Black and White: Ethnic Group Differences in Trust and Confidence in the Police. Police Quarterly, 8(3), 322-342.

Civil Rights Essay

Civil Rights essay â€Å"l have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true mea inning of its creed: â€Å"We hold these truths to be selflessness: that all men are created equal. Martin Luther King Jar. The Congress of Racial Equality or CORE is an American civil rights organization n that played a major role for Fragmentariness in the Civil Rights Movement. Found deed in Chicago in March Of 1942 by James Farmer, CORE was one Of the â€Å"Big Four† civil rights or sanitations, along with the CLC, the SYNC, and the NAACP.CORE did many things that we re important to the civil rights movement including Freedom Rides, desegregating Chicago schools, and the Freedom Summer. O n April 10, 1947, CORE sent a group of eight white and eight black men on a 2 week â€Å"Freedom Ride† with a sole purpose of ending segregation in interstate travel. The riders of this group were arrested and jailed several times, but they received a great deal of publicity, a nd this marked the beginning of a long series of similar campaigns.By the early 1960 s, Farmer desired to repeat the 1 947 journey, developing a new name for it: the Freedom Ride. On Maya, 1961, volunteers journeyed to the deep South, this time including women. The rider s endured severe violence. White mobs attacked Freedom Riders in Birmingham and Month ere. The violence caught national attention, sparking a summer of similar rides by other Civil Ri sights organizations and thousands of ordinary citizens. In 1 960, CORE began to challenge racial segregation in the public schools of C hijack.Black schools were in poorer neighbors of Chicago and white schools were in richer parts. Many segregated schools were overcrowded, and in order to ease overcrowding, the e Board instituted doublethink's at some of the schools. Doublethink's meant that students in fee acted schools attended less than a full day of class. Less school meant that Africanizing children would be receiving less educa tion. CORE was not pleased with the results so they pr tested, along with the Chicago community.The following 4 years, CORE along with the SYNC and the NAACP helped organ nice the â€Å"Freedom Summer† campaign aimed principally at ending the political super session of African Americans in the Deep South. CORE, SYNC and COIF also built 30 Freedom S schools in towns throughout Mississippi. Volunteers taught in the schools and the curriculum n owe included black history. These Freedom Schools were often targets of white mobs. So were the e homes of African Americans involved in the campaign.That summer 30 black homes and 37 blab KC churches were firebombed. Over 80 volunteers were beaten by white mobs and three CORE activists were murdered by the K on June 21 SST, 1964. These deaths created nationwide PU ability for the campaign. As you can see, life was very difficult during the Civil Rights movement for Afar can Americans living in the Deep South. Thanks to organizations like CORE and AN CAP, life may have seemed hard and it may have been a struggle to live back in the day, Afar can Americans still had hope. Civil Rights Essay Civil Rights essay â€Å"l have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true mea inning of its creed: â€Å"We hold these truths to be selflessness: that all men are created equal. Martin Luther King Jar. The Congress of Racial Equality or CORE is an American civil rights organization n that played a major role for Fragmentariness in the Civil Rights Movement. Found deed in Chicago in March Of 1942 by James Farmer, CORE was one Of the â€Å"Big Four† civil rights or sanitations, along with the CLC, the SYNC, and the NAACP.CORE did many things that we re important to the civil rights movement including Freedom Rides, desegregating Chicago schools, and the Freedom Summer. O n April 10, 1947, CORE sent a group of eight white and eight black men on a 2 week â€Å"Freedom Ride† with a sole purpose of ending segregation in interstate travel. The riders of this group were arrested and jailed several times, but they received a great deal of publicity, a nd this marked the beginning of a long series of similar campaigns.By the early 1960 s, Farmer desired to repeat the 1 947 journey, developing a new name for it: the Freedom Ride. On Maya, 1961, volunteers journeyed to the deep South, this time including women. The rider s endured severe violence. White mobs attacked Freedom Riders in Birmingham and Month ere. The violence caught national attention, sparking a summer of similar rides by other Civil Ri sights organizations and thousands of ordinary citizens. In 1 960, CORE began to challenge racial segregation in the public schools of C hijack.Black schools were in poorer neighbors of Chicago and white schools were in richer parts. Many segregated schools were overcrowded, and in order to ease overcrowding, the e Board instituted doublethink's at some of the schools. Doublethink's meant that students in fee acted schools attended less than a full day of class. Less school meant that Africanizing children would be receiving less educa tion. CORE was not pleased with the results so they pr tested, along with the Chicago community.The following 4 years, CORE along with the SYNC and the NAACP helped organ nice the â€Å"Freedom Summer† campaign aimed principally at ending the political super session of African Americans in the Deep South. CORE, SYNC and COIF also built 30 Freedom S schools in towns throughout Mississippi. Volunteers taught in the schools and the curriculum n owe included black history. These Freedom Schools were often targets of white mobs. So were the e homes of African Americans involved in the campaign.That summer 30 black homes and 37 blab KC churches were firebombed. Over 80 volunteers were beaten by white mobs and three CORE activists were murdered by the K on June 21 SST, 1964. These deaths created nationwide PU ability for the campaign. As you can see, life was very difficult during the Civil Rights movement for Afar can Americans living in the Deep South. Thanks to organizations like CORE and AN CAP, life may have seemed hard and it may have been a struggle to live back in the day, Afar can Americans still had hope.

Greek Nationalism

Within the 18th and early 19th century, Greece experienced highly heinous ordeals when it was under Ottoman subjugation, and it aspired to redeem their previously established terms of democracy and overall culture; however, these ordeals for the Greeks were so influential that they ultimately altered their culture and general customs. These changes affected Greece in vast, multifarious ways but they can primarily be classified by Greece’s economical, social, and political aspects.Economically, Greece experienced, under Ottoman rule, poverty and were hardly able to provide for themselves nonetheless defend themselves from Ottoman rule with substantial weaponry and armor, they also received a transfiguration in not striving to possess lands and riches as in precedent instances but to possess and utilize income as a means of ensuring liberation, and they experienced a great economical and thus cultural diversity amongst themselves with extensive, distinct attitudes and economical intentions within Greek society between the more opulent and poorer individuals.Socially, the general sentiment of Greece was deteriorated by its transfiguration into a more solemn nation in Europe and the precedent vibe of Greece, before Ottoman domination, was altered and substituted with Turkish gloom with apathy reflected towards Greek arts, passions, and sciences, and their only manner of which they managed to free themselves was by working together with other nations and forming a resistance, which they did; also, Greeks were very compatible with other nations and they were able to become cared for by other nations and were able to receive assistance from them during the Greek Revolution in result.Politically, Greece’s government transfigured with the Ottoman’s political customs and their authorities were poorly implemented, and even formal approbation had to be made in order for officials to enact on malpractices such as robberies and rebellions; subsequently, this caused revolutions in Greece in order to bring retaliation on the Ottomans for killing their leader of the Greek Orthodox church, which was apart of their religious, or sultan’s, government, and ultimately, they subjugated the Ottomans’ jurisdiction in Greece and, as they aspired, established their own government as well with beneficial leaders.Indeed, there are many puzzling factors and results of the Greek Revolution, but they can become vividly perceived with the synopsizes and recounted instances given by individuals who in which were living at these times expressed by there works and archived data. There were many inauspicious economical aspects of Greece during the 19th century that contributed to its anarchy, yet also enabled the people with an incentive of change.The economical stature of Greece had its people predominately classified among the rich who were respectful to their Turkish masters and the poor, who comprised much of the Greeks, were not too fo nd of the Ottomans, and this, as conceivable, caused contention amongst these major classes in Greece as well as the Ottomans; James Dallaway, a chaplain to an English community in Constantinople, sent a missive that comprised these ideas and aspects of Greece’s economical aspects and anarchy.He conveyed a vital component in his missive by saying, â€Å"The richer Greeks are very devious and intriguing, and with very limited exception only less ignorant than their Turkish masters. The lower ranks are the merriest creatures imaginable, but are untrustworthy, and awake to every advantage. † His purpose in devising this missive was most likely to express his great concern for the dreadful economical status of Greece and to imply the ultimate effect of how sovereign acting country and an extensive variation between a rich and middleclass can impact a practical nation (Doc. ). Subsequently, another economical issue lied primarily with how Greece would be able to request acc ommodations from other countries to receive independence from the Ottoman’s with assurance of the other countries’ moral incentives, such as Russia that in which aspired to assist Greece in order to receive financial compensation from Greece to a broad extent of possessing Greece’s lands.Percy Shelley, an English poet, provided this evidence through his poem entitled â€Å"Hellas† that says in its preface, â€Å"Russia desires to possess, not to liberate, Greece; and the wise and generous policy of England would consist in establishing the independence of Greece, and in maintaining it against both Russia and the Turks. † He wrote this poem with an intention of, perchance, expressing admonition during this revolution for the Greeks (Doc. 7).As a another, supported economical ordeal, A. Regnier devised an engraving entitled Greece Sacrificed that in which comprised a display of Ottomans attacking Greeks, which seem to be of a poorer class in; however , as mentioned antecedently, most people in Greece were impoverished during this revolution. These Greek individuals seemed defenseless and, as made apparent, did not possess any weaponry as the Ottoman Turks confronted them; this engraving was most likely devised by A.Regnier with a purpose of conveying Greece’s economical strife during this Greek Revolution, and it also expressed how Greece’s religious integrity remained in tact as the soon to be succumbed Greeks await their deaths from the Ottomans (Doc. 11). Like the many adverse economical aspects in Greece, there were also manifolds of unfavorable social facets in Greece as well while under Ottoman subjugation.The precedent vibe of Greece, before Ottoman subjugation, was one of jubilancy and patriotism or nationalism in Greek contrivances and culture; however, this sentiment altered as they were undermined by the Turks. Sneyd Davis, an English writer, composed a poem entitled To His Friend and Neighbor Dr. Thomas Taylor that coveys an articulate way of describing the solemn effects that were wrought in result of the Ottoman jurisdiction in Greece.He conveyed an exceptional perspective of these adverse effects even in the most popular location in Greece, Athens, by saying his poem, â€Å"Go, search for Athens; her deserted ports, Enter—a noiseless, solitary shore, Where commerce once crowded the Athenian strand. Trace her dark streets, her ruined shrines; and wonder, where her glories shined. Where are her orators, her sages, now? Shattered her moldering arches, her towers in dust, but far less ruin’d, than her soul decayed. Sneyd Davis ensured to incorporate the correlations between Greece when it was experiencing its utmost prosperity in its ancient times to its most pitied downfall during Ottoman domination, which he did so to supplement imagery to hopefully elicit a realization in individuals that Greece was in desperate need of assistance of becoming liberated from the Tu rks; although, Greece would not be liberated for another 100 years from the publication of this poem, the ideas of freeing Greece grew early in the hearts of individuals from other nations, especially, as made apparent, Great Britain and, soon later, France. Doc. 1). As antecedently mentioned, Greece’s culture was altered monumentally by Turkish domination, but the primary manners of how it was affected are not specifically by how its economy or how its vibe of jubilancy was effected but also incorporating its arts and artistic passions, its build on philosophies and sciences, and how the subjugation obstructed the entire progress of the Greeks.Claude Etienne Savary, a French scholar of Greek and Arabic, wrote a missive, like James Dallaway, and described his loath for the deterioration of Greek culture by saying, â€Å"Let me not be accused of painting the Turks in darker colors than they deserve, but I have traveled through their empire and have seen the injuries of every kind which they have done to the sciences, the arts, and the human race. At the sight of these melancholy spectacles my heart groans, my blood boils in my veins and I would wish to excite all Europe to combine against these Turks who have crushed the Greek nation. Claude Etienne Savary reflected this deep resentment towards the Ottoman Turks most likely because of their intrusion between Savary and his avidity directed towards Greek culture; this obstruction of Greek progression in Greece’s magnificent talented unity of culture and artistic passion even enraged those of distinct cultures with aspirations of reprimanding the Turks and helping ignite a revolution in Greece (Doc. 3).According to opinions from other nations, Greece was a very compatible and respected nation because of their sympathy directed to other nations, and they were always recognized for persisting with their religious integrity throughout very challenging trials such as through Ottoman domination. Alexand ros Kalpholougo, a popular poet concerned with Greek culture, composed an untitled poem that reflected Greece’s avidity with other nations; he said through his poem, â€Å"Greeks love every foreigner, they love a German for his company and an enlightened Frenchman, an impious libertine.In conversation not a word about the commandments of God.? The young, the educated, do not go to Church, for they have got French enlightenment.? They say, â€Å"We have books and French romances, all the other books are so melancholy! †Ã¢â‚¬  (Doc. 4). As the years grew closer to the initiation of the Greek Revolution in 1821, exhortations were made by more and more Greeks to commence a revolution and as these expressions augmented and stressed the things that they were unjustly being pressed against by the Ottoman Turks, their aspirations of rebellion increased as well.Greek exiles, which had experienced the ordeals made by the Ottoman Turks, encouraged their Greek comrades to fight and rebel against the Ottomans; they encourage their belligerent desires by saying, â€Å"O Greeks, learn forever that the weapons of justice are unconquerable, and that the Ottomans will flee from the armed Greeks.Remember, finally, that the beginning of victory is resistance, and that the Greeks are neither savage nor of worthless spirit, as are their enemies. Freedom has approached her ancient home. † (Doc. 6). Greece’s political statuses were also altered by the Ottoman’s self-righteous desires of subjugation in multifarious ways.With the Ottoman’s established governmental regime, enforcement for robbers and what may be considered as â€Å"righteous criminals† were not regulated properly, and if a lamentable occurrence was to transpire, then there generally was a need for the head sultan over the Turks to initiate a means of retaliation rather than having leaders that were designated to make decisions perhaps even allowing Greeks to participate in decision making; this can reflect an improper distribution of power, poor governmental/ enforcement systems, and imposing sovereignty with not allowing Greeks to contribute to conclusions made by government.Mustapha III, the Turkish sultan during 1765, ordered his chosen governor in northern Greece to repress rebellions made by Greeks and said, â€Å"With the arrival of my imperial decree be it known that robbers continually incite the district of Larissa to rebellion. Impose order and report on the measures taken. Mustapha III must have enacted on this order to his governor as a matter of ensuring that his jurisdictions remained stable; however, based on the apparent previous information given, the logic behind the Greeks’ rebellions was because of the maltreatment made because of him, so, therefore, there is an ignorant contention with Mustapha III who needed to refrain from being greatly imposing with the Greeks and should have respected Greek nationalism (Doc. 2).Thr oughout Greece’s strife through the difficult times of Ottoman sovereignty, Greece depended on the reliable political/ religious guidance by their leader in the Greek Orthodox Church; however, during the commencement of the Greeks’ enragement. Edward Blaquiere, an organizer and fundraiser for the London Greek Committee, wrote in his composition entitled the Greek Revolution, published in 1824, and said, emphasizing these matters, â€Å"The fortress of Navarino, which surrendered soon after the uprising began in 1821, was the scene of another tragedy, to which only wars between slaves and their masters ever give rise.During the siege, news of the murder of the head of the Greek Orthodox Church by the sultan’s government spread throughout Greece. † Edward Blaquiere’s purpose in composing this work of his, regarding that he is a fundraiser for the London Greek Committee, was most likely to not only inform people of these inauspicious occurrences but t o also elicit subsidization and assistance for the Greeks during the Greek Revolution. (Doc. 8).Although Greece had lost their reliable leader that was head over the Greek Orthodox Church, another leader, Alexander Mavrocordato the writer of Declaration to the Christian Powers, assisted in the Greek Revolution and helped produce the Greek revolutionary government; this regime, with the assistance of other nations, enabled Greece to proclaim its independence and established a stable government free from Turkish rule entirely (Doc. 10).As it is apparent, the Greeks had to endeavor through many trials during 18th and early 19th century while they were under Ottoman subjugation; these ordeals mainly affected Greece in practically every manner possible: its economical, social, and political aspects. Economically, most Greeks were impoverished, there was economical distrust towards other nations in alliances with Greece, and there was a vast aperture between the major poor and minor rich classes in Greece that caused conflict among them.Socially, Greece became more of a solemn nation, there was degrading found within former Greek passions such as artistic productions philosophies and sciences, and Greeks were luckily able to receive accommodations by other nations in result of their great compatibility.Politically, the Ottomans enforced their own governmental regime that was very unstable and irresolute, they murdered the head leader of the Greek Orthodox Church, and, at least luckily for the Greeks, they attained a new leader for their revolution who in which assisted among with the accommodations of other nations in order to reestablish stability in Greece and was contrived successfully.The Greeks may have had an interval of where they were unable to progress with their cultural achievements due Ottoman subjugation in Greece; however, due to the Greeks persistence of revolutions and with the accommodations made by other nations, the Turkish sovereignty was not pro longed and Greece was able to recover its splendid, wholesome culture.

Are Willy Loman and Oedipus Rex true tragic heroes?

The tragic hero should be the kind of hero in whom we can all see ourselves, and whose struggle we identify with. Neither Oedipus nor Willy is such a character: both are so hell-bent on following what is shown to be a clearly mistaken path of action that we cannot share in their suffering or misfortune. I do not believe that we cannot see or identify with either Willy or Oedipus' character. I think that both characters show both the best and worst aspects of humanity. Oedipus especially has admirable qualities that we as an audience would aspire to. It is interesting to note the opening: it is the only surviving Sophocles' play to open with such a mass dramatic scene. This was more common in dramatists such as Aeschylus' work. Sophocles' openings were usually more quiet and private. The scene opens with Oedipus addressing Thebes, and shows a paternalistic side to Oedipus. Firstly, the staging would have helped to enhance this paternalism – Oedipus is on the stage, raised above the orchestra where the chorus would stand, speaking down to them dominating the space. He refers to Thebes as ‘My children' which suggests that although he is an authority figure, he is concerned about his people, and is compassionate. It is rare in Greek tragedy for rulers to address their people in this way. In the rest of his opening speech Oedipus is comforting and devoted. A modern audience would especially admire Oedipus for this, and this would help us identify with Oedipus. The ancient Greeks would also have likened him to their great, grand, ruthless but democratic leader Pericles – which would have increased their identification. Oedipus also has a degree of empathy: ‘You suffer; yet, though sick, not one of you Suffers a sickness half as great as mine' This empathy shows a humane caring side despite his elevated status he is not at all different from his people. This suggests that although Oedipus is treated almost god-like, he can identify with the average person. This helps with the audience's identification with Oedipus. Towards the end the audience see Oedipus' large capacity for love and affection – even after his downfall. He loves his daughers: ‘But my unhappy daughters, my two girls, Whose chairs were always set beside my own' This beautiful insight into the relationship between Oedipus and his daughters shows Sophocles' uncanny ability to express emotion, and would appeal to the audience, we can all identify with familial love. Oedipus is determined in his struggle, and as an audience we identify with this – as normal average human beings we have to be determined in order to overcome struggles in life. He constantly struggles to find the truth of his identity: ‘Stop! Who were they? Who were my parents? Tell me! ‘ I must ask: how is wishing to know the truth surrounding a mysterious background deemed as ‘hell-bent'? Surely that is what everyone strives for in life is the ancient Greek aphorism: Know Thyself. Every common person can identify with this; it is not confined to the great and mighty. Oedipus' language here is exclamatory and conveys a note of desperation – the audience can obtain a sense of his real burning desire to know himself. Oedipus also has characteristics in himself that we can identity with – not because they are admirable, but because they are flaws, which all of mankind possess. The audience can see a glimpse of arrogance and vanity, when he says ‘Whose fame is known to all' but to contemporary Greeks pride was not at all a weakness. However, to a modern audience, Oedipus would seem arrogant here, and this perhaps shows a more unappealing side to humanity. It begins to emerge that Oedipus has an unrelenting quest for knowledge, and is no pushover: ‘But if you keep silent, if any man Fearing for self or friend shall disobey me' The audience glimpses of how impatient and inquisitive Oedipus actually is, as he poses a quick fire of questions towards Creon, e. g. : ‘Where was he murdered? In the palace here? Or in the country? Or was he abroad? This could perhaps provide a good argument for the above statement – that Oedipus is ‘hell-bent' on following this mistaken path of action. However, I feel that everyone at some point is determined to follow something mistaken, and it is how they deal with their error that really determines their heroism. This is what the above statement ignores; the tragic hero isn't determined by the events leading to their downfall, but more so how they respond to these events. There is a marked change in Oedipus, his tone changes one of irritability: ‘Why, what is this? Why are you so despondent'. Throughout the quick dialogue with Teiresias the audience are shown a less controlled Oedipus: ‘But to withhold your knowledge! This is wrong Disloyal to the city of your birth. ‘ There is a repetition of negatives here, and a critical accusatory tone. Oedipus is now more exclamatory ‘You villain! There is a constant questioning by Oedipus, and the flow of speech between the characters is more fragmented and jagged than previously. This is achieved by the use of many hyphens and short sentences: ‘You do not know- therefore I am the villain! This again creates a much more chaotic and less controlled side to Oedipus – he is not perfect which I actually feel helps us to empathise with him, and consequently are more able to share in his misfortune. Teiresias appears to try and stop Oedipus' misguided path of action in the same way that Biff tries to stop Willy ‘I am not a leader of men, Willy, and neither are you' – but both Oedipus and Willy are too strong of characters to be swayed. ‘This crime was planned and carried out by you' which shows the irrational side to his character, and the simple absurdness of it all. I think Oedipus' anger is pardonable with Thebes in great danger; he cannot get to the core of the mystery when Teiresias refuses to speak. Also, the refusal is incriminating; and it was not unknown for a king to be plotted against, so I could argue that Oedipus is not completely irrational. Greeks were accustomed to taking the oracle's words with a grain of salt, the oracle had not supported Athens in either the Persian or Peloponnesian War, and so I think a contemporary audience would be able to identify more with Oedipus at this point, and we may not see much Oedipus in ourselves, The concept of oracles is very foreign to us. There are however, some parts of the play were we cannot share or identify with Oedipus' suffering – simply because it is so far removed from what we know. For example, Oedipus' downfall is extremely intense. The language and imagery in describing this terrible downfall is rich and evocative: ‘Showers of black rain and blood-red hail together' is said by the messenger in describing how Oedipus has blinded himself; he also speaks of the ‘common storm' of the husband and wife. Oedipus also despairs ‘Oh cloud of darkness abominable. This graphic storm metaphor is used extensively throughout the play, and conveys to the audience the catastrophic disharmony between man and nature caused by chaos in the royal house of Thebes. The Greeks had a dangerous freedom in their open society – which could perhaps be a reason why Oedipus is so ‘hell bent' on following this mistaken path. Each individual is un-accommodated and alone – with nothing to confin e him. It adds unique terror to the Greek tragic vision – we can see from the devastating downfall of Oedipus that the gods were unpredictable – no Greeks expected perfect justice from them. In modern society, most people trust the goodness of their God and abide under the shadow of the Almighty. From this viewpoint I feel that a modern audience could perhaps not share so much in Oedipus' suffering, because they don't expect it. But in his downfall we also see strength in Oedipus – and this is where we feel relieved or uplifted, and the completion of the catharsis. When Oedipus returns to the stage blinded, the audience know that he has passed through the dark night of the soul and has survived the worst. At this stage Oedipus joins the chorus in a lyrical exchange, a kind of duet that begins with an outcry of pain and suffering ‘Alas! alas! and woe for my misery' . In joining the chorus in song meter, he expresses with a new level of emotion and sympathy with humanity. This is in stark contrast to his previous commanding distance and he can now identify and stand beside mere mortal man – which he is himself. I think this is one of the most important parts of the play with regards to Oedipus being presented as a hero. We can identify with him because even if he did pursue a ‘hell-bent' path he made it out alive – and can now empathise with the rest of humanity. A tragic hero must encounter a tragedy – or else they are not heroic, and I definitely can say Oedipus encounters a tragedy. Oedipus does not flinch or hide away from what he has dome – he speaks clearly ‘And she that bore me has borne too my children'. This admittance and courage shows the endurance of the human spirit, Oedipus transcends suffering. The audience will feel a degree of optimism for humans – all is not lost in Oedipus Tyrannus. Oedipus, unlike before, now accepts his destiny ‘My fate must take the course it will' and accepts it quietly and calmly. The audience do not see the common self-pity of the protagonist in this tragedy unlike others – e. g. Lear in Shakespeare's King Lear. Oedipus remains a tower of strength. Oedipus here highlights the best qualities found in humans. Aristotle stated that it is the quality of the hero's response to the peripeteia and the manner in which he confronts it that determines his essential worth as a tragic hero and gives him ultimate tragic status. Oedipus, in coming through the dark night of the soul, confronts his destiny with courage and bravery. This is echoed in Willy Loman, who never gives up his dream of success for him or his son Biff. To imply that Oedipus is on a hell-bent path suggests that fate has victimised him. I believe this is not true – Oedipus could have left the plague in Thebes, he could have left the murder of Laius un-investigated and he could have not pressed Teiresias or the herdsman for the truth. However, his piety, justice, and desire for knowledge meant that he must. And thus it is his character that has caused the tragedy – his good and bad qualities – his human qualities – and so thus I find that we do share his suffering and misfortune. Willy is a product of the optimistic post war society, and he has a real burning desire to sell and succeed: ‘Goddammit, I could sell them! ‘ This is admirable, and shows an iron determination as well as joyous enthusiasm in Willy's character, and so one could argue that like Oedipus' iron determination, Willy has aspects in his character that highlight the best in humanity. He has a real sense of competition, and acknowledges that the ‘competition is maddening! ‘ Willy doesn't accept this competition with defeat – he presses on – he even states to Biff: ‘Never leave a job till you're finished'. I don't see how striving till the very end, regardless of how successful you are in monetary terms, is considered ‘hell-bent'. Willy loves his family: ‘The man who never worked a day but for your benefit' and I feel that the audience would definitely share in his suffering and misfortune – millions of people today strive to provide for their families. Willy is an admirable in his determination for success for his family: ‘I get the feeling that I'll never sell anything again, that I won't make a living for you, or a business for the boys'. The audience feel a sense of pathos, Willy is striving for a better life for his family, and his struggle is against a mighty and powerful force, that ultimately leads to his demise – quite like the gods in Oedipus Tyrannus. Like Oedipus, although he cares for his family deeply, his drive to preserve his personal dignity and honour surpasses their need, and this could perhaps explain why he chooses to kill himself – leaving Linda with nothing. External forces such as consumerism also shape Willy's way of thinking, and would have affected millions of people in that period in America. Consumerism was a major force in the late forties, with families having more disposable income and industry and economy booming, consumer products were churning out faster than ever before to meet the demand. This is demonstrated in Death of a Salesman: ‘there's nine-sixty for the washing-machine. And for the vacuum cleaner there's three and a half' speaks Linda in Act One, and Willy laments how ‘we should've bought a well-advertised machine'. Arthur Miller denounces consumerism through Willy: ‘Once in my life I would like to own something outright before it's broken'. A contemporary audience should be able to identify with this, that Willy has an up-hill struggle against a corrupt society. Willy's mistaken path is not entirely his own doing, but the above statement does not consider these external factors in shaping Willy's destiny. Willy lies unthinkingly – it is almost like an automatic reaction. The audience can see though; Willy's later hesitance, stuttering and pauses ‘Well, I – I did about a hundred and eighty-gross in Providence' showing the extreme discrepancy between his dreams and his reality. This shows his insecurities behind the bravado ‘I'm fat. I'm very – foolish to look at, Linda'. These poignant moments show the deep-seated insecurities within Willy – and I think the audience will be able to identify with Willy at these times – and sympathise with him. Although Willy may be deluded and lie unthinkingly, we can see that he is not completely deluded though, and in this strange metaphor ‘The woods are burning! Willy is realising that his dreams are going up in smoke. This is juxtaposed with the realist vernacular that occurs throughout the play, and suggests this line is of great importance – that Willy is aware that his path is mistaken. However, it suggests that at this stage, he must continue to follow it to retain a sense of personal dignity. This shows the complexity of Willy's decisions, and I feel the above quote trivialises them somewhat. Willy is tired and exhausted – this is made clear in the stage directions: ‘Even, as he crosses the stage to the doorway of the house, his exhaustion is apparent. He unlocks the door, comes into the kitchen, and thankfully lets his burden down'. This staging helps to enhance the realism of Willy's character, and the audience can see visually as well as from the dialogue this man's exhaustion. This very humanistic portrayal of Willy would strike a note with the audience, and I feel that we can share in his suffering, and that he is not following this mistaken path for trivial reasons – he genuinely wants to be better. We can also see in Willy the worst in ourselves – this man has many flaws. There are no attempts to idealise Willy – he is perhaps an anti-hero, and Arthur Miller states that this tragic process is ‘not beyond the common man'. As an audience, we should be able to identify with Willy's suffering and misfortune even more than Oedipus', as it is not so far removed from our own selves. Willy can be rude and dismissive ‘Don't be a pest Bernard! What an anaemic', his language here being vulgar and childish. He can also be intensely angry at the people who love him – he is seen on stage as ‘exploding at her' (Linda). He also betrays Linda's trust in his affair with the woman – which, in memory time – comes back to haunt him: ‘[The WOMAN'S laugh is heard. ] Willy: Shut up! Willy's interior is explored through the use of memory time. Willy often reverts into episodes of memory time when reality becomes too hard to bear. From a psychological point of view, it shows that Willy is perhaps trying to repress the pain he is feeling. This enables the audience to see a more rounded view of Willy's situation, and we are shown his mental suffering graphically, which increases our sympathy for this character. The staging in Oedipus Tyrannus is much simpler and relies mostly on the dialogue – and so a modern audience may not be able to identify as much with Oedipus, as we do not see such detail into his mind. Other characters also highlight Willy's suffering; Linda says ‘He's been trying to kill himself'. Is Willy finally giving in to his failure? We see however, later on in the play, that his attempts to kill himself are not because he is admitting failure, but to gain i20,000 in life insurance in order for Biff to become successful: ‘It's twenty thousand dollars on the barrelhead. Guaranteed, gilt-edged, you understand? ‘ he tells Ben in a fictional episode. Ben uses the sinister metaphor: ‘The jungle is dark but full of diamonds, Willy' to describe Willy's suicide. This is perhaps a point in the play were I do agree with the expressed view ‘hell-bent' on following a mistaken path. Willy has such determination that he will end his own life to secure some sort of success. I feel that here the audience would find it hard to identify with this – most of us would never go this far, and I think most of us would realise how success is not the most important thing in life. For Willy though, it is what he has based his whole life on, and like Oedipus, he wants to preserve that honour. Miller states that the tragic feeling is evoked in us when we are in the presence of a character who is ready to lay down his life, if need be, to secure one thing – his sense of personal dignity'. This perfectly describes Willy, and so, even if we cannot perhaps identify specifically with his struggle, we are still in the presence of a tragic hero. We could ask however, does Willy need to lay down his life for his personal dignity? It doesn't matter what we think, because for Willy, this is the only way to. I feel that Willy's path is certainly more hell-bent than Oedipus' in that Willy never gains self-knowledge or approaches an anagnorisis of what he truly is, Biff sadly states in the Requiem ‘He never knew who he was'. Whereas Willy dies perhaps in vain, Oedipus survives the dark night of the soul, and accepts his destiny. This could be why audiences more readily see Oedipus as a tragic hero whom we can see the best and worst of ourselves in.

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Growth of Crime Prevention in the UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

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